What is the cause of Phaeohyphomycosis?
Phaeohyphomycosis can be caused by many species of dark, melanin-pigmented dematiaceous fungi including Bipolaris, Cladophialophora, Cladosporium, Exophiala, Fonsecaea, Phialophora, Ochronosis, Rhinocladiella, and Wangiella.
How is Phaeohyphomycosis transmitted?
Etiology. Phaeohyphomycosis is caused by darkly pigmented (dematiaceous) fungi that inhabit soil and vegetation and gain access to tissues via traumatic implantation.
What is subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis?
Introduction. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis is not a common fungal infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by dematiaceous fungi, and it is believed to result from the traumatic implantation of the fungi into the subcutaneous tissue [1,2].
Which of the following diseases is caused by dematiaceous fungi?
Phaeohyphomycosis is a rare infection caused by dematiaceous fungi, involving the skin and subcutis, paranasal sinuses or central nervous system (CNS). Phaeohyphomycosis refers to subcutaneous and deep-seated infections caused by brown-pigmented (dematiaceous) molds that adopt a septate mycelial form in tissue.
How is Phaeohyphomycosis diagnosed?
Phaeohyphomycosis can be diagnosed by microscopic examination of exudate and biopsy specimens, which reveals pigmented, dark-walled, irregularly septate filamentous hyphae (2–6 μm in diameter) or yeast-like cells. Infected tissues may be grossly pigmented, giving an appearance of melanoma.
What does Phaeohyphomycosis look like?
Diagnosis of Phaeohyphomycosis Dematiaceous fungi can frequently be discerned in tissue specimens stained with conventional hematoxylin and eosin; they appear as septate, brownish hyphae or yeast-like cells, reflecting their high melanin content. Masson-Fontana staining for melanin confirms their presence.
What is the difference between Chromoblastomycosis and Phaeohyphomycosis?
Masson-Fontana staining for melanin confirms their presence. Phaeohyphomycosis is distinguished from chromoblastomycosis and mycetoma by the absence of specific histopathologic findings such as sclerotic bodies or grains in tissue. Culture is needed to identify the causative species.
How is Phaeohyphomycosis treated?
Treatment: Phaeohyphomycosis is generally poorly responsive to treatment. Wide excision of cutaneous or subcutaneous lesions is recommended, followed by 6–12 mo of treatment with itraconazole (10 mg/kg/day). Nonresectable disease should be treated with itraconazole.
What is the difference between chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis?
What is meant by dematiaceous fungi?
Abstract. The dematiaceous (brown-pigmented) fungi are a large and heterogenous group of moulds that cause a wide range of diseases including phaeohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and eumycotic mycetoma.
What is meant by Keratomycosis?
Fungal keratitis or keratomycosis refers to an infective process of the cornea caused by any of the multiple pathologic fungi capable of invading the ocular surface.
How are Chlamydospores formed?
They are multicellular, with cells connected by pores in the septae between cells. Chlamydospores are a result of asexual reproduction (in which case they are conidia called chlamydoconidia) or sexual reproduction (rare). Teliospores are special kind of chlamydospores formed by rusts and smuts.
How is chromoblastomycosis acquired?
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is defined as a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infection resulting from traumatic implantation of certain dematiaceous fungi through the skin. The aetiological agents gain entrance through transcutaneous puncture wounds, usually by parts of plants.
What causes Keratomycosis?
Keratomycosis is defined as invasive infection of corneal stroma caused by variety of fungi. Most of these cases occur in agricultural workers with history of corneal trauma with vegetative matter contaminated by fungi.
What is chlamydospores and hyphae?
Chlamydospores are produced by many fungi and represent enlarged, thick-walled vegetative cells with varied forms and condensed cytoplasm that form within hyphae or at hyphal tips.
When are chlamydospores formed?
What is meant by keratomycosis?