What are the factors that influence pharmacokinetics?
There are four factors that will influence the pharmacokinetic drugs test: water-solubility; fat-soluble; dissociation degree and molecular weight. Pharmacokinetic is a quantitative study of drugs in the body absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the law.
What are the factors that influence the potency and use of herbal preparations?
Factors such as the use of fresh plants, age and part of plant collected, period, time and method of collection, temperature of processing, exposure to light, availability of water, nutrients, drying, packing, transportation of raw material and storage, can greatly affect the quality, and hence the therapeutic value of …
What are the factors affecting herbal formulation?
PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE HERBAL PRODUCT STABILITY[11]
- Physical instability.
- Environmental conditions.
- Chemical instability.
- Complex mixtures, variability and inconsistency.
- Drug interactions, deterioration, decomposition and storage[12]
What is drug interaction in herbal drug technology?
Pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions occur when drug metabolic enzymes are induced or inhibited by concomitant herbal medicines 38. Inhibition of metabolic enzymes occurs when herbal medicines are able to decrease the expression or activities of metabolic enzymes in a competitive or non-competitive manner.
What are the 4 main elements of pharmacokinetics?
Think of pharmacokinetics as a drug’s journey through the body, during which it passes through four different phases: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).
What is the importance of pharmacokinetics?
The Importance of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analyses. PK and PD analyses are important because they help us understand how drugs behave in the body and how the body reacts to drugs, respectively.
What is herbal medicine quality control?
In general, the methods for quality control of herbal medicines involve sensory inspection (macroscopic and microscopic examinations) and analytical inspection using instrumental techniques such as thin layer chromatography, HPLC, GC–MS, LC–MS, near infrared (NIR), and spectrophotometer, etc.
What is standardization of herbal medicine?
Standardization is an essential measurement for ensuring the quality control of the herbal drugs (3). “Standardization” expression is used to describe all measures, which are taken during the manufacturing process and quality control leading to a reproducible quality.
What are factors affecting stability of herbal products?
Factors Affecting the Stability of Herbal Medicines
- Physical instability:
- Chemical instability:
- Environmental conditions:
- Variability in the complex mixture:
- Drug interaction, deterioration, decomposition during storage:
What are factors affecting stability of herbal products Why is stability testing of herbal drugs important?
The stability testing of herbal products check the quality of herbal products which varies with the time under the influence of environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, light, oxygen, moisture, other ingredient or excipient in the dosage form, particle size of drug, microbial contamination, trace metal …
What are different mechanisms involved in herbal drug interactions?
Pharmacokinetic interaction occurs when herbal drugs inhibit or decrease the normal activity level of drug transporters through a competitive or non-competitive mechanism. Interactions can also occur through the induction of transport proteins via the increase of the mRNA of the relevant protein.
What are herbal excipients?
Excipients are any component other than the active substance(s) intentionally added to formulation of a dosage form. This article gives an overview of herbal excipients which are used in conventional dosage forms as well as novel drug delivery systems.
What are the 5 stages of pharmacokinetics?
Pharmacokinetics is the movement of a drug through the body’s biological systems, these processes include absorption, distribution, bioavailability, metabolism, and elimination.
What are the 5 principles of pharmacokinetics?
They are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Each of these processes is influenced by the route of administration and the functioning of body organs. Let’s look at these processes in further detail.
Why quality control of herbal drug is important?
Adulteration, substitution, and lack of skilled personnel are the main reasons for unavailability of genuine herbal drugs. By use of advanced quality control technique and suitable standards, there is need to assure the quality of the medicinal herbal products.
What is the importance of quality control of herbal medicines?
Quality control of herbal medicines aims to ensure their consistency, safety and efficacy. Chemical fingerprinting has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique for the quality control of herbal medicines.
Why standardization of herbal drug is important?
Standardization guarantees the content of one or more active constituents and marker compounds. The plant environment and genetic factors could significantly affect the biochemical components of the plant extract, in which plants are still the most abundant and cost-effective resource for drug innovation.
What is required for the standardization of herbal products?
Methods of standardization should take into consideration all aspects that contribute to the quality of the herbal drugs, namely correct identity of the sample, organoleptic evaluation, pharmacognostic evaluation, volatile matter, quantitative evaluation (ash values, extractive values), phytochemical evaluation, test …