What are the disadvantages of fuel cells?
What are the Disadvantages of Hydrogen Fuel Cells?
- Hydrogen Extraction.
- Investment is Required.
- Cost of Raw Materials.
- Regulatory Issues.
- Overall Cost.
- Hydrogen Storage.
- Infrastructure.
- Highly Flammable.
What are the advantages of solid oxide fuel cell?
Advantages of this class of fuel cells include high combined heat and power efficiency, long-term stability, fuel flexibility, low emissions, and relatively low cost. The largest disadvantage is the high operating temperature which results in longer start-up times and mechanical and chemical compatibility issues.
What are the merits and demerits of PAFC?
Another advantage to the PAFC is that the phosphoric acid electrolyte can operate above the boiling point of water. A disadvantage of the PAFC is that, when compared to other fuel cells of similar weight and volume, it produces less power.
What is the difference between SOFCs and PEM based fuel cells?
SOFC is not as compact and works at higher temperatures than PEMFC. The SOFC can be combined with a gas turbine increasing its efficiency. If waste heat recovery is used its efficiency is further increased. PEMFC has a lower capex compared to SOFC but SOFC can utilize natural gas which is cheaper than hydrogen.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using geothermal energy?
An Overview of Geothermal Pros and Cons:
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| This energy source is more environmentally friendly than conventional fuel sources. | The largest single disadvantage of geothermal energy is that it is location specific. |
| A source of renewable energy. | Gases are released into the atmosphere during digging. |
What are the good characteristics of fuel cells and advantages and limitations?
Fuel cells are very reliable. Their advantages for producing electricity, particularly in remote locations, include no moving parts, quiet operation, and heat as a by-product. They also produce clean water as a by-product. A disadvantage of some fuel cells is that they use expensive platinum catalysts.
How efficient are solid oxide fuel cells?
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have developed to a mature technology, able to achieve electrical efficiencies beyond 60%. This makes them particularly suitable for off-grid applications, where SOFCs can supply both electricity and heat at high efficiency.
How long do solid oxide fuel cells last?
The specific goals of the SOFC program are: to meet a stack cost target of $225/kW and a system cost target of $900/kW; demonstrate lifetime performance degradation of less than 0.2% per 1,000 hours over an operating lifetime of 40,000 hours; and achieve an efficiency of greater than 60% without carbon capture and …
What are the main disadvantages of fossil fuels?
The disadvantages of fossil fuels are:
- The burning of coal and petroleum produces a lot of pollutants, causing air pollution.
- Fossil fuels release oxides of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, etc., that cause acid rain, affecting soil fertility and potable water.
Which fuel cell has highest efficiency?
Alkaline Fuel Cells Operating at 60-70ºC (140-158ºF), AFCs are among the most efficient type of fuel cells, reaching up to 60% efficiency and up to 87% combined heat and power.
Are fuel cells bad for the environment?
Is hydrogen fuel environmentally-friendly? Hydrogen fuel is considered environmentally-friendly since it does not produce the same waste as fossil fuels during production. But to produce usable hydrogen, it has to be separated from water, biomass (plant and animal waste), coal, or natural gas.
Is Solid Oxide Fuel Cell sustainable?
Fuel cells convert chemical energy of a fuel gas directly into electrical work, and are efficient and environmentally clean, since no combustion is required.
Is solid oxide fuel cell renewable energy?
SOFCs are regarded as highly promising devices for fuel generation and power production. They work cleanly and efficiently with both renewable and traditional sources of energy. An additional advantage is their effectiveness for converting the chemical energy in a fuel into electrical energy.
Where are solid oxide fuel cells used?
SOFCs are already finding wide ranging applications: delivering environmental and economic benefits within transport, industrial equipment, cooling, power, disaster relief and similar applications where grid power is not available.
How will you address the disadvantages of geothermal energy?
The pros and cons of geothermal energy
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Generally environmentally friendly; does not cause significant pollution | Some minor environmental issues |
| Renewable and sustainable | Sustainability relies on reservoirs being properly managed |
| Massive potential | Location-specific |
| Reliable | High initial costs |
What is five disadvantages of fossil fuels?
The burning of coal and petroleum produces a lot of pollutants, causing air pollution. Fossil fuels release oxides of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, etc., that cause acid rain, affecting soil fertility and potable water. The burning of fossil fuels produce gases such as carbon dioxide that causes global warming.
How does a solid oxide fuel cell work?
A solid oxide fuel cell utilizes the movement of electrons and generates electricity in few basic steps. Natural gas goes through a steam-reforming process. This chemical reaction produces hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and steam (H2O).
What affects fuel cell efficiency?
The load current, temperature, relative humidity, membrane thickness, membrane-active area, electrode active area, corrosion, purity, pressure, and concentration of hydrogen fuel, maintenance of water inside the cell, pressure in the electrode particularly on both side of the membrane etc. are the factors.
How dangerous is geothermal energy?
Drilling wells in the natural geothermal reservoir to harness the energy will release hazardous greenhouse gases. Dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide, silica, methane, ammonia, and sulfur dioxide are emitted extensively in and around geothermal power plants.
Will geothermal energy cool down in the future?
Future Concerns on Sources of Geothermal Energy It is entirely known that geothermal energy is extracted from Earth because the Earth’s interior is sweltering. There is a concern that such locations, which are the source of geothermal energy, might cool down in the future.
What is the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells?
Among all the important fuel cells under development, the solid oxide fuel cells operate at the highest operating temperature, typically between 600 and 1000℃ [4].
Is geothermal energy sustainable and permanent?
Geothermal energy is sustainable and permanent; however, improper use can prove it otherwise. Controlled usage is the key to sustainability when it comes to geothermal energy. It takes hundreds of years for rainwater to naturally seep into the reservoirs.