What does TGF B do?
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in wound healing, angiogenesis, immunoregulation and cancer. The cells of the immune system produce the TGF-β1 isoform, which exerts powerful anti-inflammatory functions, and is a master regulator of the immune response.
What is the role of TGF-beta in inflammation?
TGF-β also plays a major role under inflammatory conditions. TGF-β in the presence of IL-6 drives the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which can promote further inflammation and augment autoimmune conditions [15].
What produces TGF-beta?
TGF-beta is produced by many but not all parenchymal cell types, and is also produced or released by infiltrating cells such as lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and platelets. Following wounding or inflammation, all these cells are potential sources of TGF-beta.
Where is TGF beta produced?
TGF-beta is found in all tissues, but is particularly abundant in bone, lung, kidney and placental tissue. TGF-beta is produced by many but not all parenchymal cell types, and is also produced or released by infiltrating cells such as lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and platelets.
What is TGF beta trap?
TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine that acts in a cell- and context-dependent manner as a tumor promoter or tumor suppressor. As a tumor promoter, the TGF-β pathway enhances cell proliferation, migratory invasion, metastatic spread within the tumor microenvironment and suppresses immunosurveillance.
What is the role of TGF-β in the development of Marfan syndrome?
TGF-β joins to its dimer receptor forming a complex which induces the phosphorylation cascade [16]. Another mutation in the TGF-β binding receptor 2 (TGFBR2) gene causes failure in signaling pathways and results in the development of a Marfan-like syndrome called Marfan type II [16].
What is anti TGF-beta?
Anti-TGF-beta monoclonal antibody GC1008 may help keep cancer cells from growing and prevent the growth of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow. It is a type of monoclonal antibody and a type of antiangiogenesis agent. Also called fresolimumab and GC1008.
Is TGF-beta pro or anti inflammatory?
Transforming growth factor (TGF)b is most commonly considered an anti-inflammatory cytokine, a view that clearly does not correlate with the recently described role for TGFb1 in the differentiation of T-helper (Th)17 cells, a novel, highly inflammatory T-cell subset that produces interleukin (IL)-17.
Is TGF-beta anti-inflammatory cytokine?
Anti-inflammatory cytokine: TGF-β is effective therapy for neuropathic pain. The family of TGF-β comprises 5 different isoforms (TGF-β1 to -β5). TGF-β1 is found in meninges, choroid plexus, and peripheral ganglia and nerves.
What gene is responsible for Marfan syndrome?
Marfan syndrome is caused by defects or deletions (mutations) of the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene.