What are atypical variable decelerations?
Atypical variable decelerations are prognostically unfavourable variable decelerations with features indicative of fetal hypoxia including: a. Slow return of the fetal heart rate to the baseline. b. Loss of variability during the deceleration.
What are the 3 different types of fetal decelerations?
There are three basic types of decelerations: early decelerations, late decelerations, and variable decelerations. Early decelerations are generally normal and not concerning. Late and variable decelerations can sometimes be a sign the baby isn’t doing well.
What causes decelerations on CTG?
Late decelerations are caused by contractions in the presence of hypoxia. This means that they will occur with each contraction and the fetus is already hypoxic. There will be no features of a well oxygenated fetus, like early or typical variable decelerations, normal baseline variability or shouldering.
What does abnormal CTG mean?
An abnormal CTG has two or more features which are non-reassuring, or any abnormal features. Further information about classifying FHR traces: If repeated accelerations are present with reduced variability, the FHR trace should be regarded as reassuring.
Are variable decelerations common?
[1] Intermittent, variable decelerations, defined as decelerations occurring with less than half of contractions, are the most common fetal heart rate abnormality that takes place in labor.
What causes fetal heart decelerations?
Early decelerations are caused by fetal head compression during uterine contraction, resulting in vagal stimulation and slowing of the heart rate.
How do you classify decelerations?
Variable decelerations may be classified according to their depth and duration as mild, when the depth is above 80 bpm and the duration is less than 30 seconds; moderate, when the depth is between 70 and 80 bpm and the duration is between 30 and 60 seconds; and severe, when the depth is below 70 bpm and the duration is …
What to do with fetal decelerations?
Interventions for late decelerations are:
- Lower the head of the bed and turn the mom on her left side to take the pressure off the vena cava and allow blood flow to the heart and to the lungs.
- Re-oxygenation or the reintroduction of oxygen to the baby by giving oxygen to the mother.
What is a deceleration on CTG?
Decelerations are an abrupt decrease in the baseline fetal heart rate of greater than 15 bpm for greater than 15 seconds.
What is a deceleration on a CTG?
What is suspicious CTG?
8.3 Suspicious If the CTG trace is categorised as suspicious: • Correct any underlying causes, such as hypotension or uterine hyperstimulation. • Perform a full set of maternal observations. • Start one or more conservative measures. • Inform an obstetrician or a senior midwife .
What is deceleration CTG?
What are fetal late decelerations?
Late deceleration is defined as a visually apparent, gradual decrease in the fetal heart rate typically following the uterine contraction. The gradual decrease is defined as, from onset to nadir taking 30 seconds or more.
What does late decelerations indicate?
Introduction. Late decelerations are one of the precarious decelerations among the three types of fetal heart rate decelerations during labor. They are caused by decreased blood flow to the placenta and can signify an impending fetal acidemia.
What causes variable decelerations in fetal heart rate?
Common causes of variable decelerations include vagal reflex triggered by head compression during pushing and cord compression such as that caused by short cord, nuchal cord, body entanglement, prolapsed cord, decreased amniotic fluid, and fetal descent.
What is abnormal CTG in pregnancy?
How do you manage abnormal CTG?
If the CTG is abnormal: Offer to take fetal blood sample (FBS; for lactate or pH) after implementing conservative measures, or expedite birth if an FBS cannot be obtained and no accelerations are seen as a result of scalp stimulation.