What is protein synthesis in simple words?
Protein synthesis is the process of creating protein molecules. In biological systems, it involves amino acid synthesis, transcription, translation, and post-translational events. In amino acid synthesis, there is a set of biochemical processes that produce amino acids from carbon sources like glucose.
What are key terms for protein?
Proteins – Key terms
- AMINO ACIDS: Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and (in some cases) sulfur bonded in characteristic formations.
- AMINO GROUP: The chemical forma tion-NH 2 , which is part of all amino acids.
- BIOCHEMISTRY:
- CARBOXYL GROUP:
- DNA:
- ENZYME:
- ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS:
- HEMOGLOBIN:
How do you explain protein synthesis to a child?
When a cell makes a protein it is called protein synthesis. The instructions for how to make a protein are held in DNA molecules inside the cell nucleus. The two major stages in making a protein are called transcription and translation.
What are proteins notes?
Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
What is protein synthesis GCSE?
Protein synthesis consists of two stages – transcription and translation. In transcription the DNA code is read, and in translation the code is used to build up protein molecules. DNA is a triplet code. Each triplet, a group of three bases, codes for a specific amino acid.
What are the 3 steps in protein synthesis?
It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. After the mRNA is processed, it carries the instructions to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Translation occurs at the ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins.
What is the process of protein synthesis quizlet?
Protein Synthesis- Extensive. The process in which amino acids are arranged in a linear sequence through the processes of transcription of DNA and to RNA and the translation of RNA to a polypeptide chain. Organelles in Protein Synthesis.
What are the 3 parts of protein?
Amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group (–NH2), a carboxyl group (–COOH), and a hydrogen atom.
What are 6 functions of proteins?
Proteins have multiple functions, including: acting as enzymes and hormones, maintaining proper fluid and acid-base balance, providing nutrient transport, making antibodies, enabling wound healing and tissue regeneration, and providing energy when carbohydrate and fat intake is inadequate.
What are the 4 steps of protein synthesis?
The steps are illustrated in the figure below.
- Initiation is the beginning of transcription. It occurs when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter.
- Elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strand.
- Termination is the ending of transcription.
What are 5 steps of protein synthesis?
5 Major Stages of Protein Synthesis (explained with diagram) |…
- (a) Activation of amino acids:
- (b) Transfer of amino acid to tRNA:
- (c) Initiation of polypeptide chain:
- (d) Chain Termination:
- (e) Protein translocation:
What are the 5 stages in protein synthesis?
The five stages are: (1) Requirement of the Components (2) Activation of Amino Acids (3) Protein Synthesis Proper (4) Chaperones and Protein Folding and (5) Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins.
What are the 7 proteins?
There are seven types of proteins: antibodies, contractile proteins, enzymes, hormonal proteins, structural proteins, storage proteins, and transport proteins.