What is the difference between meningitis and leptomeningitis?
Leptomeningitis, which is more commonly referred to as meningitis, represents inflammation of the subarachnoid space (i.e. arachnoid mater and pia mater) caused by an infectious or noninfectious process.
What is Leptomeninges and Pachymeninges?
The patterns of enhancement of the different layers of the meninges were divided into two types: leptomeningeal (pia and arachnoid), when enhancement of the meninges followed the convolutions of the gyri and/or involved the meninges around the basal cisterns; and pachymeningeal (dura), when the enhancement was thick …
What is leptomeningitis?
Medical Definition of leptomeningitis : inflammation of the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane.
What are Pachymeninges?
Pachymeninx (as distinguished from leptomeninx, the combined pia mater and arachnoid); a tough, fibrous membrane forming the outer covering of the central nervous system, consisting of periosteal and meningeal dura layer and an inner part, the dural border cell layer, continuous with the arachnoid barrier cell layer.
What is the difference between meningococcal disease and meningitis?
Meningococcal disease is caused by infection with bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. There are two major types of meningococcal disease: Meningococcal meningitis and meningococcemia. Meningococcal meningitis is an infection of the tissue (called the “meninges”) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
What is hypertrophic Pachymeningitis?
Overview. Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a rare disorder causing inflammation and thickening of the outer layer (dura) of the brain and/or spinal cord. [13281][13282] IHP can be widespread or cause tumor-like lesions.
What is dura mater and pia mater?
Three layers of membranes known as meninges protect the brain and spinal cord. The delicate inner layer is the pia mater. The middle layer is the arachnoid, a web-like structure filled with fluid that cushions the brain. The tough outer layer is called the dura mater.
What causes Leptomeningitis?
In lymphomatous leptomeningitis, cancer cells have spread from the original (primary) tumor to the meninges (thin layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord). The cancer may cause the meninges to be inflamed. Also called lymphomatous meningitis.
What causes Pachymeningitis?
As indicated by the presence of abundant pus, pachymeningitis most often results from a bacterial infection (usually staphylococcal or streptococcal) that is localized to the dura.
Is Pachymeningitis curable?
Previous reports found a favorable response of IgG4-RP to steroids, suggesting that this disease is benign and treatable. However, the long-term treatment response and clinical course remain unknown.
What are the 2 types of meningitis?
Meningitis is usually caused by viruses or bacteria. Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis, followed by bacterial meningitis. Rarer types of meningitis include chemical and fungal meningitis.
What is idiopathic Pachymeningitis?
Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a rare disorder causing inflammation and thickening of the outer layer (dura) of the brain and/or spinal cord. [13281][13282] IHP can be widespread or cause tumor-like lesions.
What is a pleocytosis?
In medicine, pleocytosis (or pleiocytosis) is an increased cell count (from Greek pleion, “more”), particularly an increase in white blood cell count, in a bodily fluid, such as cerebrospinal fluid. It is often defined specifically as an increased white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid.
Is Pachymeningitis fatal?
The lesion responded poorly to pulsed steroids or any immunosuppressants. The brainstem lesion grew rapidly and formed various nodules that ultimately resulted in brain death. This is the first fatal case of HP in a child.